Donkey Secondary Antibodies
Biotium E-Cadherin (CDH1) / CD324 (Intercellular Junction Marker)(CDH1/3256), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 120-80 kDa, identified as E-cadherin. Cadherins comprise a family of Ca2 -dependent adhesion molecules that function to mediate cell-cell binding critical to the maintenance of tissue structure and morphogenesis. The classical cadherins, E-, N- and P-cadherin, consist of large extracellular domains characterized by a series of five homologous NH2 terminal repeats. The relatively short intracellular domains interact with a variety of cytoplasmic proteins, such as -catenin, to regulate cadherin function. E-cadherin plays an important role in epithelial cell adhesion. A decreased expression of E-cadherin is associated with metastatic potential and poor prognosis in breast cancer, prostate and esophageal cancer. In combination with p120 Catenin, it is useful for the differentiation between ductal (E-cadherin ) and lobular (E-cadherin -) breast carcinomas. It may also help in diagnosis of mesothelioma. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a s
Biotium Fodrin / Alpha Spectrin II (SPTAN1) / NEAS(SPTAN1/3352), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Spectrin, an actin binding protein that is a major component of the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane, is essential in determining the properties of the membrane including its shape and deformability. Spectrins function as membrane organizers and stabilizers, composed of nonhomologous II, a neuronal cytoskeleton protein. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Fodrin / Alpha Spectrin II (SPTAN1) / NEAS(SPTAN1/3352), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Spectrin, an actin binding protein that is a major component of the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane, is essential in determining the properties of the membrane including its shape and deformability. Spectrins function as membrane organizers and stabilizers, composed of nonhomologous II, a neuronal cytoskeleton protein. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Cytokeratin 6A (KRT6A) (Basal Cell Marker)(rKRT6A/2100), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 56 kDa, identified as cytokeratin 6A (KRT6A). In humans, multiple isoforms of Cytokeratin 6 (6A-6F), encoded by several highly homologous genes, have distinct tissue expression patterns. Cytokeratin 6A is the dominant form in epithelial tissue. Cytokeratin 6 and 16 are expressed in keratinocytes, which are undergoing rapid turnover in the suprabasal region (also known as hyper-proliferation-related keratins). Cytokeratin 6 is found in hair follicles, suprabasal cells of a variety of internal stratified epithelia, in epidermis, in both normal and hyper-proliferative situations. Epidermal injury results in activation of keratinocytes, which express KRT6 and KRT16. KRT6 is strongly expressed in about 75% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dy
Biotium Erythropoietin (EPO) (Marker of Placentation Disorders)(EPO/3793R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of about 37 kDa, which is identified as Erythropoietin (EPO). Erythropoietin is a secreted, glycosylated cytokine hormone composed of four alpha helical bundles. It is the primary factor responsible for regulating erythropoiesis during steady-state conditions and in response to blood loss and hemorrhage in the adult organism. Erythropoietin is synthesized by the kidney and stimulates the proliferation and maturation of bone marrow erythroid precursor cells. The protein is found in the plasma and regulates red cell production by promoting erythroid differentiation and initiating hemoglobin synthesis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific
Biotium Frataxin (Mitochondrial Marker)(rFXN/2124), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Frataxin is a nuclear-encoded mitochondrial protein implicated in Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), a human autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease. Lack of Frataxin causes iron to accumulate in the mitochondrial matrix suggesting that Frataxin is involved in mitochondrial iron homeostasis and possibly in iron transport. Frataxin has an alpha-beta fold consisting of two helices flanking an antiparallel beta sheet. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Neurofilament (H+L) (Neuronal Marker)(2F11), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb reacts with a 200 kDa and 68 kDa protein, identified as heavy and light sub-units of neurofilaments (NF-H NF-L). Neurofilaments make up the main structural elements of axons and dendrites and are found in neurons, peripheral nerves, and sympathetic ganglion cells. Neurofilaments consist of three major subunits with molecular weights of 68 kDa (NF-L), 160 kDa (NF-M) and 200 kDa (NF-H). Anti-neurofilament stains a number of neural, neuroendocrine, and endocrine tumors. Neuromas, ganglioneuromas, gangliogliomas, ganglioneuroblastomas, and neuroblastomas stain positively for anti-neurofilament. Neurofilaments are also present in paragangliomas as well as adrenal and extra-adrenal pheochromocytomas. Carcinoids, neuroendocrine carcinomas of the skin, and oat cell carcinomas of the lung also express neurofilament. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability.
Biotium Cytokeratin 15 (Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Marker)(KRT15/2959), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Keratin 15 is a type I keratin which is expressed only in basal keratinocytes in stratified epithelia and does not appear to have a natural type II expression partner. Keratin 15 is down regulated in activated keratinocytes. Cytokeratin 15 is a specific marker of stem cells of the hair-follicle bulge and may be a useful marker for diagnosis between basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and trichoepithelioma. Trichoblastoma are benign neoplasms of follicular differentiation frequently found in nevus sebaceous. Many morphologic features are shared with nodular basal cell carcinoma, sometimes rendering a diagnosis difficult. Trichoblastoma and BCC show variable expression of Cytokeratin 15 and Cytokeratin 19, and absence of hair keratins. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for
Biotium ORC1(7F6/1), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The initiation of DNA replication is a multi-step process that depends on the formation of pre-replication complexes, which trigger initiation. Among the proteins required for establishing these complexes are the origin recognition complex (ORC) proteins. ORC proteins bind specifically to origins of replication where they serve as scaffold for the assembly of additional initiation factors. Human ORC subunits 1-6 are expressed in the nucleus of proliferating cells and tissues, such as the testis. ORC1 and ORC2 are both expressed at equivalent concentrations throughout the cell cycle; however, only ORC2 remains stably bound to chromatin. ORC4 and ORC6 are also expressed constantly throughout the cell cycle. ORC2, ORC3, ORC4 and ORC5 form a core complex upon which ORC6 and ORC1 assemble. The formation of this core complex suggests that ORC proteins play a crucial role in the G1-S transition in mammalian cells. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of flu
Biotium MUC4 (Mucin 4 / Gastric Mucin)(MUC4/3084), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The major constituents of mucus, the viscous secretion that covers epithelial surfaces such as those in the trachea, colon, and cervix, are highly glycosylated proteins called mucins. These glycoproteins play important roles in the protection of the epithelial cells and have been implicated in epithelial renewal and differentiation. This gene encodes an integral membrane glycoprotein found on the cell surface, although secreted isoforms may exist. MUC-4 transcripts have been detected in normal respiratory epithelium and lung. MUC-4 is a very specific (100%) and sensitive (90%) marker of lung adenocarcinomas and is negative for mesotheliomas. Reportedly, MUC-4 expression in invasive ductal carcinoma of the pancreas is an independent factor for poor prognosis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S an
Biotium HPV16 E1/E4 (Human Papilloma Virus 16)(HPV16 E1/E4), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The human papilloma virus (HPV) family of DNA tumor viruses includes HPV16, a 'high-risk' sexually-transmitted HPV that can lead to cervical, anal, vulvar, head, neck, and penile cancer. The HPV16E1/E4 protein is expressed abundantly in cells supporting viral DNA amplification, but is lost during malignant progression. HPV16E1/E4 causes G2 cell cycle arrest by associating with and preventing the nuclear entry of Cdk1/cyclin B1 complexes. HPV16E1/E4 also interacts with cyclin A and Cdk2 during the G2 phase of the cell cycle, and this association may increase the efficiency with which HPV16E1/E4 is able to prevent mitotic entry. HPV16E1/E4 also associates with keratin intermediate filaments and causes the network to collapse. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for d
Biotium Replication Protein A2 (RPA2)(RPA2/3140R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 34 kDa, identified as a subunit of Replication Protein A (RPA) (also known as human single-stranded DNA binding protein, or HSSB). RPA from human cells is a stable heterotrimer of 70 kDa, 32-34 kDa, and 11-14 kDa subunits (RPA70, RPA32, and RPA14 respectively). It is involved in DNA replication, repair, and recombination. RPA is required for the SV40 large tumor antigen-catalyzed unwinding of SV40 DNA and stimulates DNA polymerase (pol) alpha and delta. RPA34 is phosphorylated at the G1/S boundary of the cell cycle or upon exposure of cells to DNA damage-inducing agents including ionizing and UV radiation. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher no
Biotium PAI-RBP1 / SERBP1 / SERPINE1(SERBP1/3498), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
PAI-RBP1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 RNA-binding protein), also known as SERBP1 (SERPINE1 mRNA-binding protein 1), CGI-55, CHD3IP (chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 3 interacting protein), HABP4L or PAI-RBP1, is a membrane-associated protein that localizes to the nucleus, the perinuclear region of the cytoplasm and the plasma membrane. PAI-RBP1 is believed to play a role in the regulation of mRNA stability, as it specifically binds to the CRS (cyclic nucleotide-responsive sequence) motif of the PAI-1 mRNA and acts to stabilize the mRNA and regulate its expression. In addition, PAI-RBP1 interacts with Mi2- and may be involved in chromatin remodeling. PAI-RBP1 also interacts with PGRMC1 and participates in the transduction of Progesterone's antiapoptotic action in ovarian cell types. The gene encoding PAI-RBP1 is overexpressed in ovarian cancer, suggesting a possible role for PAI-RBP1 in tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis. Primary antibodies are available purifie
Biotium Cytokeratin 18 (KRT18)(rKRT18/1190), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb reacts with a wide variety of simple epithelia. It does not react with stratified squamous epithelia. It reacts with epithelial tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, lung, breast, pancreas, ovary, and thyroid. Cytokeratin 18, which belongs to the type A (acidic) subfamily of low molecular weight keratins, exists in combination with cytokeratin 8. It was reported that tissues from gastrointestinal tract are positive for both cytokeratin 8 and 18 but do not contain cytokeratin 14. Tissues from gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract and urogenital tract, as well as endocrine and exocrine tissues and mesothelial cells are positive for cytokeratin 18. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluore
Biotium CD209 / DC-SIGN (Pathogen Receptor on Dendritic Cells)(rC209/1781), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
DC-SIGN is a transmembrane receptor that is expressed on the surface of dendritic cells and macrophages. It is involved in the innate immune system and recognizes numerous evolutionarily divergent pathogens ranging from parasites to viruses. The protein is organized into three distinct domains: an N-terminal transmembrane domain, a tandem-repeat neck domain and C-type lectin carbohydrate recognition domain. The extracellular region consisting of the C-type lectin and neck domains has a dual function as a pathogen recognition receptor and a cell adhesion receptor by binding carbohydrate ligands on the surface of microbes and endogenous cells. The neck region is important for homo-oligomerization, which allows the receptor to bind multivalent ligands with high avidity. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like C